How Bipolar Disorder Impacts Decision-Making and Impulse Control
- Scarlet Plus LLC
- 12 minutes ago
- 4 min read
Every day, people make decisions—what to eat, how to respond to a text, when to go to bed. For most, these choices are influenced by habits and circumstances. But for individuals with bipolar disorder, decision-making and impulse control can feel very different. The highs of mania or hypomania often encourage risk-taking, while the lows of depression can lead to indecision or avoidance.
At Unique Minds Behavioral Health Services, we help patients and families understand how bipolar disorder affects judgment, decision-making, and impulse control. This blog will explore the science behind these challenges, the real-life consequences, and strategies to support healthier choices.
On This Page:
The Brain and Bipolar Disorder
To understand why decision-making changes, it helps to look at the brain.
Prefrontal Cortex – Responsible for planning, judgment, and impulse control. Research suggests this region may be less active during manic states, contributing to poor decision-making (Harvard Health Publishing).
Amygdala – Regulates emotional responses. Overactivity in this area may amplify emotional decision-making.
Neurotransmitters – Shifts in dopamine and serotonin influence reward-seeking and mood, making risky decisions more appealing during mania (National Institute of Mental Health).
Together, these changes explain why judgment can fluctuate with mood episodes.
Mania, Hypomania, and Impulse Control
During manic or hypomanic episodes, people often describe feeling unstoppable. This heightened state comes with impaired impulse control.
Common impulsive behaviors include:
Overspending or financial risks
Reckless driving
Substance use
Risky sexual behavior
Impulsive career or relationship changes
While these choices may feel exciting in the moment, they often create regret or shame afterward, especially during depressive phases.
The Mayo Clinic notes that these behaviors are not about “poor character” but a symptom of bipolar disorder’s effect on the brain.
Depression and Decision-Making
On the other end of the spectrum, depressive episodes impact decision-making differently:
Indecision – Even small choices, like what to eat, feel overwhelming.
Avoidance – Fear of making the “wrong” choice leads to procrastination.
Negative Bias – The brain interprets options pessimistically, making every decision seem doomed.
This paralysis reinforces feelings of helplessness, further lowering confidence.
Real-Life Impact of Poor Decision-Making
At Unique Minds Behavioral Health Services, we see how impulsivity and indecision affect daily life:
Financial Strain – Impulsive spending can lead to debt and instability.
Relationship Stress – Sudden choices (moving in, breaking up, or arguments) can harm trust.
Work Challenges – Fluctuating decisions may cause missed deadlines or abrupt job changes.
Health Risks – Substance use or reckless behaviors put safety at risk.
The consequences often create guilt, feeding into the depressive cycle.
Breaking the Cycle: Strategies for Healthier Choices
1. Delay Decisions During Mood Episodes
When possible, postpone major decisions until mood stabilizes. If you’re unsure, consult a trusted friend, family member, or therapist.
2. Use Decision-Making Tools
Pros and cons lists
Journaling thoughts before acting
Budget apps to track spending
3. Set “Safety Nets”
Limit access to large amounts of money during mania
Share major decisions with a support person first
Use apps that block risky behaviors (like online shopping)
4. Therapy Support
CBT helps identify distorted thinking before acting.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) teaches emotional regulation.
Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) stabilizes daily routines to reduce impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association).
5. Medication Adherence
Staying consistent with prescribed medications helps regulate mood swings, improving judgment and self-control.
The Role of Family and Community
Families can play a crucial role in supporting decision-making:
Nonjudgmental Support – Instead of criticism, encourage open conversations about choices.
Shared Responsibility – Helping with finances, appointments, or household responsibilities during episodes.
Education – Learning about bipolar disorder reduces stigma and fosters empathy.
Community support groups also provide safe spaces to share experiences and strategies.
When to Seek Professional Help
It may be time for professional intervention if:
Impulsivity creates repeated financial, relational, or legal consequences
Indecision prevents daily functioning
Mood episodes frequently derail decision-making
There are concerns about safety or substance use
The NIMH emphasizes early and ongoing treatment as the best way to reduce long-term consequences.
How Unique Minds Behavioral Health Services Helps
At Unique Minds Behavioral Health Services – Maryland, we provide personalized, compassionate care for individuals navigating bipolar disorder. Our approach includes:
Comprehensive psychiatric evaluations to understand mood patterns and decision-making challenges
Therapy services (CBT, DBT, IPSRT) to build skills for impulse control
Medication management to stabilize mood and improve judgment
Family counseling to strengthen support systems
Telehealth services for convenient access to care
We empower patients to make healthier choices, reduce impulsivity, and rebuild trust in themselves.
Conclusion
Bipolar disorder significantly impacts decision-making and impulse control, leading to financial, relational, and personal challenges. But with awareness, strategies, and professional care, individuals can regain control, reduce regret, and build confidence in their choices.
At Unique Minds Behavioral Health Services, we help patients move beyond the chaos of impulsive decisions and indecision toward stability, empowerment, and healthier living.
References
National Institute of Mental Health – Bipolar Disorder
Harvard Health Publishing – Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
American Psychiatric Association – Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
